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American Romantic poet Emily Dickinson (1830-1886) is best known for her concise and witty romantic and spiritually centered poems. “Will there be an Eternity” explores Dickinson through the lens of ecocriticism, an earth-centered critical approach which studies the relationships between literature and the environment, with an eye towards her personal spiritual journey. Dickinson, who is known to have been more spiritual than religious, oscillates in her poems between believing in a heavenly life after death vs. relying on the here-and-now of the natural world for a heavenly experience. Examining “Four Trees—Upon a solitary Acre,” “I taste a liquor never brewed,” “Some keep the Sabbath going to Church,” and “Will there really be a ‘Morning,’” I argue that Dickinson’s dependence on the natural world stems from an overwhelming uncertainty regarding her religious beliefs, particularly those of a possible afterlife.
❐ PDFKeywords: Ecocriticism, Nature Poet, spirituality, environment, romanticism
Richard I, better known as Richard the Lionheart, occupies a fascinating place in the public consciousness. In life, Richard was a crusader and a king, one who embodied the idea of medieval heroism. As time has gone on, however, and Richard’s actions have become incompatible with western sensibilities, Richard’s life and character have been rewritten time and again to keep him relevant and palatable to audiences. This paper explores the character of the Lionheart both in the context of his life, through his actions and relationships, and his subsequent romanticization through stories such as Robin Hood and The Lion in Winter.
❐ PDFKeywords: Richard, Lionheart, Crusade, Medieval, History
This paper reviews the evolutionary geographical dispersion of the CCR5-Δ32 Human Immunodeficiency resistance gene. For HIV to reproduce, it requires human cells and their machinery. HIV prefers to use the CD4 receptor and the CCR5 as a co-receptor to reproduce. When the Δ32 mutation is present, the reproduction process is inhibited making the host resistant to HIV infection as well as several other infections. This mutation is advantageous to the host and is geographically dispersed throughout the globe. There has been notable prevalence of the allelic mutation in Africa, Asia, and the Baltic Region, with the highest frequency in Eastern Europe. The mutation appears to have originated in historic times under the selective pressure of an epidemic causing a flourish of the mutation to occur in the Caucasian populations. This dispersion is causing more populations to become resistant to HIV and causing interest in the susceptibility different populations possess.
❐ PDFKeywords: HIV, Mutation, Evolution, CCR5-Δ32
The Mississippian Redwall Limestone is an important constituent of the regional karstic R-aquifer, which is the sole source of drinking water in Grand Canyon National Park and a major source of water in the region. Although faults and fractures have been recognized as focal points for localizing karst development in the aquifer (Huntoon, 1974, 1996, 2000b; Hill and Polyak, 2010; Jones et al.2017), the cause of the high concentration of caves in the Mooney Falls Member of the Redwall Limestone is not well understood. We propose an explanation for stratigraphic localization of karst networks and relate this to preferential dissolution of dolomitized facies in the Mooney Falls Member. This member has over 20 dolomite-rich dolowackestone beds with moldic and intracrystalline porosity ranging from 0-35%, with an average of 18% (Dohm et al., 2017). We posit that the localization of caves in the Mooney Falls Member of the Redwall Limestone can be attributed to the preferential dissolution of these highly porous dolomite beds. Photographic analyses of karst exposed within the canyon demonstrate that cave width and location are primarily controlled by faults and fractures, and secondarily controlled by the location of dolomite bands. These porous dolomites continue to be a pathway for groundwater, with springs of a wide range of flow discharging from dolomite bands. These findings are significant for understanding both the characteristics and behavior of the R-aquifer, and more broadly, the interaction of dolomitization and karst genesis.
Keywords: Karst (cave), permeability, stratigraphy, morphology, Grand Canyon
The current research examines the relationship between attachment style and gender role conformity in college students. Study 1 revealed unexpected results, prompting Study 2. Study 2 was designed as a follow-up to re-examine the initial hypothesis with multiple measures and a larger sample to replicate the results of Study 1 and clarify inconsistencies in the literature. However, the original hypothesis was not replicated, and Study 2 led to a number of puzzling results and new questions regarding the relationship between attachment and gender roles. In addition, Study 2 highlights the need to reevaluate the relevance of older measures of gender and how society’s ever-changing concepts of gender-roles influence this area of research. Implications and future directions for these areas of research are discussed.
❐ PDFKeywords: attachment, gender, masculinity, femininity
The Alphabet of Weird and Wonderful Artists and Alphabet Bodies are the two pieces I submitted of exploratory typography involving form and function. From the beginning of each project, the method of execution was clear and grabbed all of my attention. Through research and sketches, I found a place of rest among the letter forms. Some felt jollier and more fun, while others looked harsh and demanded attention. Each letter meant something to me and assigned an identity to each one. From the letters reminding me of a certain artist to an individual taking the shape of a letter, the theme was clear; the people in my life, whether known personally or through research, were the focus of my art. The end goal of the projects was to use the alphabet or a letter form to create a cohesive final product.
Keywords: Artists, Mansfield, Tewell, Alphabet, Bodies
This paper will psychoanalyze the characters Michal and Katurian from Martin McDonagh’s play The Pillowman. The two characters are used to explore the complexities behind their seemingly immoral actions of murder and morbid storytelling
as they may be motivated or misguided through the reflection of their upbringings. In opposition, a person’s actions will never reflect the true personality of their inner id. The script itself can be seen as a puzzle for the audience which lends clues for a person to decipher whether either or both of the brothers’ actions could be justified. The paper overall uses the characters from The Pillowman as a tool to discuss concepts such as mirror staging and self-awareness in psychoanalysis.
Keywords: Theater, Psychoanalysis, Mirror Stage, Abuse, Morality