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This study, drawing on oral history research, illustrates the journey of a particular Greek immigrant group and explains how Kefalos aided in their transition to America. In these interviews, participants have discussed the challenges of their arrival in the United States, the personal meaning of Kefalos membership, and their distinct national identity as Kefalonian-Greek Americans. Members of Kefalos are bound by collective memories that are created through the community’s social activities and are sustained and transformed. Ultimately, these collective memories contribute to how individual members identify themselves within their society. Identifying the collective memory of an organization reveals the meaning behind the formation of the group and what holds it together and contributes to its success. Oral histories capture the importance of family and identity while also revealing the strength of memory that has contributed to the success of the organization. Without the transmission of memory across four generations, it is doubtful that the Kefalonian tradition would be as intact as it is today within Kefalos. Further, the juxtaposition of the interviews reveals a consensus among the members on the meaning of Kefalos to the Greek-American community and its primary role in uniting their community, preserving their distinct identity, and paving the way for future generations to embrace the Kefalonian culture without having direct first-hand knowledge of the island.
Filipinos have long been denied reliable access to clean water. Mismanagement of the water supply wastes what would otherwise be a relatively abundant natural resource. The sprawling, densely populated capital of Metropolitan Manila exemplifies the critical situation: demand is high and distribution inefficient. The World Bank insisted that privatization was the solution to the incompetent, government-owned water sector, and in 1997, Manila Water Company and Maynilad Water Services purchased the Metropolitan Waterworks and Sewage System of Manila. Sadly, commodification results in increased water prices rather than water security. Political and social conditions allowed privatization a brief moment of popularity, but this neoliberal approach decreased affordability for impoverished communities and lacked any economic incentive for companies to conserve water. This study finds that neither public nor private schemes effectively provide water security. What—or rather, who—is the solution to this issue of inefficiency? Filipinos have taken initiative against these corporations to construct their own systems of water distribution, and individual communities are united across the country by movements like the Water for the People Network. Resistance on local, national, and even global scales has blossomed in the face of manmade drought, contending that the water sector is best organized by the consumers: the local people who understand the needs of the community and their environment.
The topic of domination in graphs has a rich history, beginning with chess enthusiasts in the 1850s determining how many queens are necessary to dominate an entire chessboard and continuing to current problems involving computer communication networks, social network theory, and other similar problems. We define a dominating set of a graph G to be a set of vertices of G such that every vertex of G is either in the set or adjacent to a vertex in the set. The domination number for a graph G is the size of a minimum dominating set. Determining the domination number of graphs can prove
highly useful in solving many types of problems, and recent studies of dominating sets reflect this.
We focus on describing various families of graphs in terms of bounds on the domination number. Although the computation of dominating sets for arbitrary graphs is an NP-complete problem, it is possible to compute certain bounds on the domination number for certain families of graphs. We examine families of graphs, specifically the family of grids, and determine the bounds on domination number for these families. We compare the domination numbers for the various classes of grids with other common families of graphs.
This paper has two main goals: to examine “cultural turn” in recent literature on nationalism and examine the development of nationalism in late 19th and early 20th-century Hungary. The initial section of the paper discusses the development of the historiography of nationalism and the internal divisions within the contemporary scholarship on the so-called “cultural turn”. Additionally, examples in Finland and Hungarian history do not ultimately connect with most of the theories proposed by the turn-era scholars. The ultimate conclusion is that it is not possible to construct a single, unified narrative of this “cultural turn.” The development of a Finnish scholarship of nationalism and the role of personally involved authors is discussed, and two major aspects of Finnish nationalism are discussed: the ways in which the circumstances in which Finland was created and its people defined the nation ex nihilo and the alternatively combative and friendly relationship Finland had with the Russian power. The examination of the scholarship on Hungarian nationalism revealed a similar preponderance of personally-involved figures as historians, and other dominant themes within the (a pronounced Hungarian sense of historicity, somewhat in contrast to the Finns, and a relative ambivalence about the role of religion in Hungarian history). The resulting conclusion is that the study of the development of nationalism in Finland and Hungary bears some lessons for future studies of nationalism in smaller polities located between larger powers, but that certain aspects of Finnish and Hungarian history are not applicable to other states.