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As the social and cultural landscape of the United States changed from 1969 so did the portrayal of women in further iterations of Scooby-Doo. Feminine fashion ideals influenced character design in Scooby-Doo, Where Are You! while women violating traditional gender norms got slutshamed in Velma. Women’s bodies faced scrutiny both in the 1970s and in 2023, at the same time movements explored body positivity. The Scooby-Doo Show and Be Cool, Scooby-Doo! reflected real-life changes with women’s roles in the workforce, while A Pup Named Scooby-Doo aired at a time of change for women in the computer industry. Changing societal norms and beliefs concerning women are reflected in these shows, as ideas that were in the public consciousness at the time are visible in the episodes. Scooby-Doo serves as a point of reference of how the writers, animators, producers, directors, and American society viewed women.
Keywords: History, American History, Women’s History, Scooby-Doo, Cartoons
Wildfires are burning with greater frequency and severity in Southwest Colorado. Butterflies are important pollinators and have been used as bio-indicators to understand ecosystem response to disturbances as they are sensitive to ecosystem changes. Our research objectives were to: 1) quantify butterfly species richness, diversity and abundance; 2)
quantify butterfly community dynamics and indicator species analysis; and 3) determine micro-climate patterns and how it correlates with butterfly dynamics five years post-fire in the 416 Fire burn area for four burn severities in warm, dry mixed conifer in southwestern Colorado. Butterfly surveys were conducted for 4 weeks in the summer of 2023. We demonstrate that the 416 Fire is on its way or is recovered, and quantified that different burn severities support diverse and unique butterfly assemblages. We suggest that managers should maintain intermediate levels of disturbance to create heterogenous habitats, which have complex vegetation structure to support numerous butterfly species.
Keywords: Natural Sciences, Biology, Butterflies, Micro-climate, Fire
Russian olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia) poses a threat to already stressed riparian areas in the western United States. Russian olive can outcompete native species and lead to habitat alterations. The goal of this research is to identify establishment requirements of Russian olive, and therefore 74 tree trunk samples were collected across 15 sites in two canyon reaches of the San Juan River in southeastern Utah. Establishment years were identified based on tree ring counts, and were tested against hydrologic and climatic variables. Lower average flows in both the year-of and year-before establishment created the strongest predictor model (p=0.006), with lower year-of flow being the most significant predictor (p=0.011). This supports Russian olive filling the niche of a later successional species, a niche that did not exist prior to river damming. As prolonged drought and over-allocation of water resources continues, Russian olive will continue to thrive with no competition in this niche.
❐ PDFKeywords: biology, environmental science, Russian olive, dendrochronology